O enfermeiro de reabilitação e a educação para a saúde à pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca / Rehabilitation nurses and health education for people with heart failure

impacto na sociedade, apresentando uma prevalência de 1 a 3% da população adulta nos países industrializados. A reabilitação cardíaca (RC) é uma importante estratégia de prevenção secundária nas doenças cardiovasculares, sendo ainda subutilizada em território nacional, com apenas 20% dos programas de RC necessários. A educação da pessoa com IC, é de uma importância vital para que esta perceba os benefícios e adira ao programa de gestão da sua condição, contribuindo para uma melhoria da qualidade de vida, diminuição do número de readmissões e da taxa de mortalidade. Finalidade e objetivo: Pretende-se que este estudo contribua para demonstrar a importância do enfermeiro de reabilitação na recuperação da pessoa com IC. É objetivo geral deste projeto: demonstrar os ganhos obtidos com um programa de educação para a saúde à pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, correlacional, quase experimental, longitudinal. Foi constituída uma amostra de 15 pessoas (n=15) encaminhadas para a consulta de insuficiência cardíaca avançada, com idades entre os 36 e os 81 anos, maioritariamente do sexo masculino e com idades iguais ou superiores a 60 anos. Foi implementado um programa de educação para a saúde à pessoa com IC, elaborado após revisão de literatura e validado com recurso à técnica de Delphi. Os resultados foram avaliados pela aplicação do questionário do Conhecimento da Insuficiência Cardíaca Crónica e a Escala Europeia de Autocuidado na Insuficiência Cardíaca. O questionário do Conhecimento da Insuficiência cardíaca foi aplicado no final da sessão de educação para a saúde ou na data de alta e novamente duas semanas após. A Escala Europeia de Autocuidado na Insuficiência Cardíaca foi aplicada uma semana e duas semanas depois da sessão de educação para a saúde ou da alta hospitalar. Resultados: Como resultado da intervenção, foi obtido um score médio final de 9,8 para o conhecimento sobre a IC e de 15,13 para a adesão ao regime terapêutico. Não se pôde comprovar estatisticamente uma melhoria do conhecimento sobre a IC ao longo da intervenção (Z= -1,115; p-value= 0,144). Houve uma melhoria na adesão ao regime terapêutico ao longo da intervenção, ainda que sem significância estatística (Z= -0,357; pvalue= 0,377). Não se conseguiu provar estatisticamente que o conhecimento sobre a IC influencia a adesão ao regime terapêutico (rs= 0,135 e 0,009 e p-value= 0,631 e 0,973). Foi constatada uma associação positiva, estatisticamente significativa, entre o nível de escolaridade e o conhecimento sobre a IC (rs=de 0,715; p-value= 0,003). Conclusões: O estudo permitiu evidenciar os resultados obtidos com o programa de educação para a saúde à pessoa com IC, no que respeita ao conhecimento sobre a IC e à adesão ao regime terapêutico. Foi também possível estabelecer a existência de uma relação positiva entre a escolaridade e o conhecimento sobre a IC. Ainda assim, não foi possível confirmar a existência de uma relação entre o conhecimento sobre a IC e adesão ao regime terapêutico, nem a evolução positiva destas duas variáveis desde o início até ao final da intervenção do estudo. Torna-se evidente a necessidade de um maior investimento na investigação nesta área do conhecimento para consolidar a evidência existente, perceber melhor as necessidades e fenómenos em seu redor e reforçar a importância da enfermagem de reabilitação.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that has considerable impact in society, with prevalence of 1 to 3% in the adult population of industrialised countries. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an important strategy in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, still underused in national territory, with only 20% of needed CR programs. Educating the person with HF is of fundamental importance so they can understand the benefits and adhere to the management program for their condition, contributing to an improved quality of life, a lower number of hospital admissions as well as a lower mortality rate. Goal and aim: The goal of this study is to contribute to demonstrate the importance of the rehabilitation nurse in the recovery of the person with HF. It is a general aim for this project: demonstrate the gains obtained with a health education program for the person with heart failure. Methodology: Quantitative, correlational, quasi experimental, longitudinal study. A sample of 15 people referred to the advanced heart failure clinic (n=15) was obtained, with ages between 36 and 81 years old, mostly male and with ages from 60 years old. A health education program for people with heart failure was implemented, which was created as result of the literature review and validated via the Delphi methodology. The results were evaluated by the application of the Knowledge of Chronic Heart Failure questionnaire and the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale. The Knowledge of Chronic Heart Failure questionnaire was applied at the end of the health education session or at the discharge date and again two weeks after. The European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale was applied one week and two weeks after the health education session or hospital discharge. Results: As result of the intervention, final mean scores of 9,8 for the knowledge about heart failure and 15,13 for the adherence to the therapeutic regimen were obtained. It wasn't possible to statistically prove an improvement in the knowledge about heart failure throughout the intervention (Z= -1,115; p-value= 0,144). There was an improvement in the adherence to the therapeutic regimen throughout the intervention, though without statistical significance (Z= -0,357; p-value= 0,377). It wasn't possible to statistically prove that the knowledge about heart failure influences the adherence to the therapeutic regimen (rs= 0,135 and 0,009; p-value= 0,631 and 0,973). A positive, statistically significant, association between the participants' scholarship and knowledge about heart failure was found (rs=de 0,715; p-value= 0,003). Conclusions: The study allowed to evidence the results obtained with the health education program for the person with heart failure, in the dimensions of knowledge about heart failure and adherence to the therapeutic regimen. It was also possible to establish the existence of a positive relation between scholarship and knowledge about heart failure. Despite these results, it wasn't possible to confirm a relation between the knowledge about heart failure and adherence to the therapeutic regimen, neither a positive evolution of those two variables from the beginning until the end of the study's intervention. The need for a stronger investment in research within this area of knowledge becomes evident, to strengthen the existing evidence, understand better the necessities and phenomena surrounding it and reinforce the importance of rehabilitation nursing.

The Pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ scopes of practice in the management of minor ailments at community pharmacies in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Background: Managing minor ailments in community pharmacy is an evolving pharmacy service in developing countries. Defined scopes of practice for pharmacy staff are essential for the safe management of minor ailments. Limited research exists regarding the perceptions of Indonesian pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ scopes of practice in providing minor ailments management services. Objective: To evaluate pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ understanding of their scopes of practice, perceived competency and factors influencing the delivery of minor ailments services in Indonesian community pharmacies. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted during January-February 2020 of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians attending seminars conducted by relevant Indonesian Associations in Central Java, Indonesia. Percentage of common responses (PCR) described similarity of perceived scopes of practice for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified associations of scopes of practice with pharmacy characteristics. Results: A total of 185 pharmacists and 142 pharmacy technicians participated. Pharmacy technicians performed minor ailment consultations, however, if considered beyond their scope of practice, they referred the patient to the pharmacist (T=120/142, 84.5%). Vaginal thrush, bacterial conjunctivitis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and acute pain were minor ailments perceived only within a pharmacist’s scope (PCR above 60%). Of 34 minor ailments, 11 showed PCR values between 40-60% overlapping pharmacists and pharmacy technicians perceived scopes of practice (allergy/rash, back pain, cold sores, dermatitis, diarrhoea, eczema, hayfever, haemorrhoids, rheumatism, sore throat, and superficial wounds). Back pain (AU)

Efficacy of a social support and problem-solving intervention on heart failure self-care: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the preliminary effects of a coping partnership intervention comprised of social support and problem-solving on HF self-care maintenance, management, and confidence. METHODS: A 3-group randomized controlled pilot study was conducted. The intervention group received 1 home visit, weekly (month 1), and biweekly (months 2 and 3) telephone calls. The attention group received telephone calls starting at week 2, following a similar pattern. The control group received usual care only. The Self-care of Heart Failure Index, was administered at baseline, 5, 9, and 13 weeks. Linear mixed modeling examined intervention effect on study outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 66 participants completed the study. The participants were mean age 61 years; 54.2% male; 56% Non-Caucasian; and 43.9% New York Heart Association HF Class II. Significant treatment-by-time interaction effects were noted for self-care maintenance (F=4.813; p=0.010) and self-care confidence (F=4.469; p=0.014). There was no significant treatment-by-time interaction effect on self-care management. CONCLUSIONS: Coping partnership interventions that strengthen support and social problem- solving may improve self-care maintenance and confidence in individuals with HF. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians should consider including these components in HF patient education and clinical follow-up.

Conductas de autocuidado y salud del hombre: el cáncer de próstata como ejemplo / Self-care behavior and mens's health: prostate cancer as an example

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir los factores psicosociales relacionados con el autocuidado orientado a la prevención del cáncer de próstata, su tratamiento y su post-tratamiento, a través de una revisión integrativa de la literatura. El autocuidado presupone un conjunto de actividades aprendidas y orientadas al cuidado de la salud, en las cuales el individuo desempeña un papel activo y responsable relativo a su vida, su bienestar y su salud. Se ha buscado conocer y comprender aspectos psicológicos y comportamentales de los hombres sobre su salud, en la prevención y en las diferentes fases de la enfermedad (diagnóstico, tratamiento y post-tratamiento) presentados en la literatura sobre el cáncer de próstata. Para finalizar, se ha realizado una reflexión sobre la importancia del conocimiento del cáncer de próstata en las diferentes fases de la enfermedad, debido al impacto de esta condición en el público masculino, fundamentalmente, por los problemas relacionados con la vida sexual. Así mismo, se han relevado las intervenciones psicosociales y educativas realizadas por los profesionales de la salud, principalmente psicólogos, para auxiliar en el desarrollo de nuevos estándares de comportamiento y actitudes relacionadas al autocuidado.

This article aimed to discuss the psychosocial factors related to self-care focused on prostate cancer prevention, its treatment and post-treatment, by means of an integrative literature review. Self-care entails a set of activities learnt and oriented towards health care, where individuals play an active and responsible role in their life, well-being and health. This article sought to know and understand men's psychological and behavioral aspects about their health, during the prevention and different phases of the disease (diagnosis, treatment and post-treatment) presented in literature about prostate cancer. Finally, there was a reflection on the importance of knowledge about prostate cancer during the different stages of the disease due to the impact of this condition among men, especially in their sexual life. Furthermore, psychosocial and educational interventions performed by health professionals, mainly psychologists, emerged as means to assist in the development of new behavioral patterns and attitudes related to self-care.